Dielectric, piezoelectric, and ferroelectric nanomaterials in the biomedical applications

We have witnessed the flourish of bioelectronics, brain–computer interface, and brain science programme in recent decades. In this review, up-to-date advances dielectric, piezoelectric, ferroelectric nanomaterials biomedical applications are summarised. Biomolecular detection methods been developed, including dielectric-gated field-effect transistor, dielectrophoresis, non-linear dielectric response, optical tweezer. Endogenous bioelectricity is a crucial cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, intracellular communication, neuronal activity, tissue growth. Piezoelectric materials can be utilised as energy transducer to monitor physiological signal, such blood pressure or respiration, directly stimulate regeneration, repairment etc. They also catalyse electrochemical reaction organisms through piezoelectricity. The intrinsic relevance between polarisation signals inspires application ferroelectrics modern intelligent bioelectronics like artificial retina.